Remona Gillison спросил 1 год назад
The canadian national railway acute myeloid leukemia National Railway
Today, CN is the largest railway network in Canada and the only transcontinental railroad in North America. During the Depression it was a cash cow for the federal government.
After the 1980’s CN began to remove redundant secondary trackage and purchased second-hand streamlined equipment. This helped CN compete with canadian national railway throat cancer Pacific.
History
In the wake of World War I CN faced the possibility of financial ruin as its debts grew and its freight volumes plummeting. The federal government stepped up and bought the railway, along with Grand Trunk and canadian National Railway multiple myeloma Northern to ensure that they did not default on CAD 1.3 million in loans. The combination created the world’s second largest railway system, and resulted in CN an income-generating company for the first time in its history.
The new management team was helmed by former federal bureaucrats and concentrated on increasing productivity. They reorganized, reducing the number managers to a few and canadian national railway Multiple myeloma reduced staffing by a quarter, and shut down branches that were losing money. The use of technology was a key factor in the process. Automating train control, clerical work, and diesel locomotives allowed CN to operate longer trains with fewer employees. While unions fought to keep their jobs, technology helped CN operate longer trains with less employees.
The company became a transport conglomerate, with its interests that ranged from coal to newsprint. It owned the Toronto CN Tower, which was the world’s highest freestanding structure up until 1976. In the 1970s, CN started to divest itself of non-rail-related businesses which included hotels and real estate, and in 1988 it separated its trucking operations into a separate Crown corporation dubbed CNX/CN Trucking. Air Canada, incorporated in 1937 was subsequently a subsidiary of CN. VIA Rail took over the passenger train operations of CN in 1978.
Passenger Service
CN was designed around passenger service, providing local and express trains for commuters. Its system spread from Atlantic Canada to the West and connected Moncton, New Brunswick with Toronto, Ontario and Montreal, Quebec.
The company was nationalized in 1919, after a financial crisis left the Grand Trunk and Canadian Northern railways near bankruptcy. The government’s ownership saved both systems, and they later merged to form a nation’s second-largest railroad system.
By 1932 the Great Depression reduced traffic volume and passenger train routes were shifted or axed to concentrate on freight services. When this time was over, passenger numbers had decreased by 45percent.
In an effort to restore lost traffic, CN began to offer low-cost passenger train services. It also refurbished its stations and opened the Spadina Roundhouse in Toronto, that was created to keep passenger trains moving between trips.
Donald Gordon, CN’s dynamic president has led the company to significant growth in the 1970s. He reduced the number of subsidiaries to 30, and modernized the locomotive fleet with diesel engines. He also focused on enhancing efficiency and autonomy, by establishing profit centers in order to improve management accountability and highlighting areas of government-enforced losses. In addition to diversifying the company’s operations, it also expanded into the field of telecommunications. This eased the pressure on its slowing railroad operations. The railway is a major supplier of logistics and transportation services which include containerized and intermodal freight including petroleum and chemicals grains forest products, metals, and automotive products.
Locomotives
In the 1920s, CN began to modernize its passenger train equipment. Two-way radios that was available to train passengers allowed users to make phone calls of the same quality as normal phone calls. The system was tested on the International Limited train in Toronto that was driven by a 4—8-4 Mountain type locomotive.
In the 1950s, the railroad tried to find a balance between its cargo and passenger traffic. However, the growing competition from airlines made air travel more difficult to compete. In the late 1960s deregulation of the transportation sector helped CN get back to profitability.
CN is the biggest railroad operator in North America. It is mostly a freight transporter, and is focused on cargo with high value, such as grain, automobiles and steel. Its network covers 32 800 km.
CN operates numerous models of diesel locomotives. It uses a large number boxcars and wagons that transport massive amounts of grain between the rural areas and big cities and ports. This CN locomotive, called 4803 and painted in pre-1960 livery is displayed at the railway museum in Toronto. It is a GE Dash 8-40CW and was built in 1974 at London, Ontario.
Management
After World War II, rail passenger travel drastically decreased as aviation and highways grew. CPR’s private rival CPR reduced its services significantly, but the government-owned CN continued much of its existing passenger services and even introduced new programs. One of these schemes, the «Red Blue, White and Blue» fare structure (which offered substantial discounts on days off peak) was credited with boosting passenger numbers significantly.
The CN’s management in the 1970s focused on increasing the railway’s autonomy and its profitability. It reorganized its profit centers and started to demolish branches that were losing money. The company’s network of branches was drastically reduced with thousands of kilometers of track abandoned. This included whole track networks on Newfoundland and Prince Edward Island (passenger train operation ended in those provinces in the year 1969 and 1988 respectively) in the southern part of Ontario as well as in the Prairie provinces, and in the northern regions of British Columbia.
In 1998, CN purchased the Illinois Central Railroad. This enabled the company to establish a north-south presence within the United States. In the age of consolidated railroad ownership, the acquisition transformed the company into a single entity operating in both Canada and the United States under the CN North America name.
In 1995 the company was privatized. Many of its shares were purchased by American shareholders. Controversy arose in 2003 when the company was forced to drop references to its canadian national railway aplastic anemia heritage, and now simply refers to itself as CN.
